1. Participants are able to identify ethical dilemmas /issues during acute and protracted crises and use a coherent approach to reach a consensus and decision on the best way forward when faced with an ethical dilemma

1.1. Participants are able to explain what an ethical dilemma is

• Defining ethical dilemma

1.2. Participants are able to describe the process of ethical decision making in practice -see also module Programme Cycle Management

• Case study: Applying the Humanitarian Health Ethics Analysis Tool (HHEAT) tool for ethical decision making

• Deliberative way of decision making in a group, discussing different ethical positions, to come to a solution/ way forward

1.3. Participants are able to explain different elements for consideration during the reflection about ethical dilemmas, and identify how these might lead to contradicting decisions

• Guiding Principles:

  • Humanity, respect, sympathy, etc.

• Norms: Laws, regulations, codes of conduct

• Ethics resources

  • Ethics theories

  • Values and principles in humanitarian action

    • Core humanitarian principles /fundamental principles

    • Code of conduct for the International RC/RC Movement and NGOs in Disaster Relief

      • 4 fundamental principle

      • 6 additional principles

    • Professional ethics

      • Medical ethics, nursing ethics, public health ethics, .....

    • Ethical principles of health care in time of armed conflict and other emergencies

  • Institutional ethics

  • But, also virtues...

• Consequences (intended, unintended)

• Diversity of cultures and opinion / moral and ethical values of the context

  • Absolute limits

2. Participants are able to explain why it is important to consider these in the response

2.1. Participants are able to explain what the consequences may be when ethical dilemmas are not properly addressed

• Consequences of unaddressed ethical issues

• Consequences of an ethically and/or cultural unsound decision